The Performance of Everyday Life
By Martin Harries
Les Éphémères
Created Collectively by Le Théâtre du Soleil
Directed by Ariane Minouchkine
The Park Avenue Armory
643 Park Ave.
Box office (Lincoln Center Festival): 212-721-6500
In August, 1922, the Parisian newspaper L'Intransigeant
posed a question to a group of celebrities:
An American scientist announces the end of
the world, or at the very least the destruction of such a large land
mass, and in such a sudden fashion, that death would be the certain
for hundreds of millions of people. If this prediction were to become
a certainty, how do you think that people would behave between the
time when they acquired this news and the moment of apocalypse? And
what would you do before the final hour?
Marcel Proust responded:
Life would suddenly seem wonderful to us if
we were threatened to die as you say. Just think of how many projects,
travels, love affairs, studies, it--our life--hides from us, made
invisible by our laziness which, certain of a future, delays them
incessantly.
But let all this threaten to become impossible
for ever, how beautiful it would become again! Ah! if only the cataclysm
doesn't happen this time, we won't miss visiting the new galleries
of the Louvre, throwing ourselves at the feet of Miss X, making a
trip to India.
The cataclysm doesn't happen; we don't do any
of it, because we find ourselves back in the heart of normal life,
where negligence deadens desire. And yet we shouldn't have needed
the cataclysm to love life today. It would have been enough to think
that we are human and that death may come this evening.
Both the Question and Proust's answer appear
in the program for the Le Théâtre du Soleil's Les Éphémères.
They form the perfect epigraph for an intensely engaging and exhilarating
day in the massive drill hall of the Park Avenue Armory. The twenty-nine
scenes of Les Éphémères oscillate between cataclysm and an
exacting, mesmerizing attention to the pleasures of everyday life.
A family comes home from a fair. Two women, one
of them pregnant, and a man carry three children to a room with a battered
bunk-bed and an old cot. Each child carries a candy apple and a plastic
bag of goldfish. The adults heave one child into the upper bunk, one
into the lower. Awkwardly jammed in with the third of the children,
the man falls asleep at the foot of the cot. The two women put the apples
aside and gingerly gather all the goldfish in one bowl. In the kitchen,
they quietly agree that, even though they have spent the last of their
money, the escapade was worth it. The phone rings. A winch has injured
a man. The pregnant woman wakes up her husband; he drinks cold coffee
and heads out in a rush to meet a boat at a dock in forty-five minutes.
The other woman drives him to the boat. Suddenly alone in her quiet
home, the pregnant woman cleans up and switches on her radio to listen
to a monotone broadcast of sea conditions.
By no means the most extraordinary of the play's
many scenes, this episode nevertheless typifies the sense of everyday
life under threat that characterizes the whole piece. One of those three
children lives temporarily in this home because her mother has left
her with friends; her mother has had to resort to a shelter to escape
an abusive husband. Similar constitutions of alternative families in
the wake of death, divorce, domestic and state violence are a motif
of the piece. And that deadpan voice on the radio transmitting news
about dangerous waters is one of the play's many incarnations of an
officialdom that alternately protects and harasses these citizens. (One
of the things this state owes its citizens is information about how
they might die.)
It's important that these theatrical subjects
are, with significant and poignant exceptions, French citizens. If the
last of the Théâtre du Soleil's productions in New York, Le Dernier
Caravansérail, staged the horrific journeys of stateless persons,
Les Éphémères concentrates on the lives of those privileged
enough to take for granted that the state owes them care. Even the most
painfully eccentric and comic character, Perle (brilliantly portrayed
by Shaghayegh Beheshti), demands her rights when she is in the hospital,
and two nurses cooperatively figure out how to do their job while appearing
to cater to her desires.
At times the piece seems a meditation on the
value and fragility of the welfare state. Doctors, medics at the scene
of a car crash, a judge, a retired teacher, a state archivist whose
diligence effectively launches the central plot of the play's second
half: Les Éphémères has a deep sympathy for those who seek
to maintain the structures of everyday life. "I love my job!" declares
the archivist, and that love is palpable.
It is probably no coincidence that, as its web
site notes, the Théâtre du Soleil is now giving its own archive to the
National Library of France. Les Éphémères is itself a kind
of archive. As in the best collages, the conjunctions of objects on
stage seem at once accidental and inevitable. Every object, from kitschy
sculptures to board games to toys, resonates. Sometimes such resonance
approaches a kind of symbolism. When an old couple's grandson pounds
desperately on their door in need of cash for his next fix, the needles
in a knitting basket take on a sinister aspect. More playfully, when
a child strikes up an unlikely friendship with a cross-dressing man,
the package for a board game called "Perdspaslaboule" (literally, "Don't
lose the ball"; figuratively, more or less, "Don't flip out") offers
its own commentary: it also bears the phrase, "gay-play." (This seems
to be the manufacturer.)
The resonance of these objects is, however, less
a matter of such verbal or visual puns than part of the piece's militant
dedication to the lived surround of everyday lives. Many of the episodes
have plot ties to other episodes; many don't. And in some ways it is
this second group of unconnected scenes that seem truest to the spirit
of Les Éphémères. Just as the objects do not need to symbolize
something larger than themselves, so these isolated scenes do not become
important because they contribute to some more expansive and putatively
more significant plot.
Les Éphémères demonstrates just how
hard it is to achieve some convincing simulacrum of everyday life. Seated
on two banks of opposing bleachers, the audience can watch itself. The
apparatus on which these scenes appear -- the round platforms on casters
pushed by actors who remain always visible and always visibly attentive
-- produces its own forms of grace and athleticism, and one can find
oneself watching those pushing the platforms instead of those involved
with the action of a given scene. So how is it that the piece succeeds
in conveying that sense of the everyday?
Proust's answer might be that the threat of
cataclysm makes life visible. Evidently the company's exercises for
Les Éphémères first took their impetus from the challenge of
staging possible responses to the imminent end of the world. But this
apocalyptic strand disappeared in the long rehearsals and preparations
for the piece. Proust's general cataclysm disappears in the more familiar
disruptions of car accidents, divorce, drug addiction, and in the threats
of storms of other kinds. As this list suggests, such stories are hardly
unfamiliar, and indeed the stuff of soap operas and melodrama.
In the second of the piece's two parts, however,
one plot comes to seem the central story of Les Éphémères,
and it involves a cataclysm so overwhelming as to threaten to obscure
the scenes that are not part of this plot: Jeanne Clément, played with
a traumatized but open-eyed calm by Delphine Cottu, discovers that her
grandparents, about whom her mother had told her nothing, were deported
to Auschwitz. Scenes show the granddaughter's search as well as reconstructions
of what she has found. So this piece so dedicated to the presentation
of compelling fragments of everyday life culminates in a genocidal cataclysm
that spelled the end of that life for millions.
By remaining true to its aesthetic of the everyday,
Les Éphémères mostly escapes the portentousness that can come
from folding stories and episodes into the Holocaust's closure of all
closures. While a certain composite halo begins to surround the several
saintly characters played by Juliana Carneiro da Cunha--including a
doctor with a heart of gold who befriends the crazy Perle and the woman
who protects Clément's mother from the Nazis--the play never forgets
the complexities to which it has been dedicated. No simple historical
allegory with its heroines and villains makes over what has transpired
in its image.
The company's dedication to the value of the
transient and fleeting, to "les éphémères" in many manifestations, means
that critical discourse feels more than usually out of step with the
experience to which it tries to do justice. Maybe, all the same, one
can point. One can point to a mode of attention produced in a certain
theater, over seven hours or so: a mode of attention that, for once,
requires no cataclysm to achieve.